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Mohamadpour S, Abbasi N. The Effect of forced exercise on the Hippocampus of Mice after Induced Ischemia Reperfusion. Journal title 2022; 5 (1)
URL: http://newresearch.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1922-en.html
URL: http://newresearch.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1922-en.html
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Abstract: (1350 Views)
one of the most important causes of ischemia is stroke, which is the third leading cause of death in Western countries after myocardial infarction and cancer. Dies and 5 million people become permanently disabled. (2) Cerebral ischemia is a decrease in the amount of cerebral metabolites due to decreased blood flow, which leads to a decrease in oxygen storage and consequently the death of brain tissue or stroke. (3) Cerebral ischemia leads to movement, sensory and Vision, speech disorders, behavioral disorders, especially spatial learning disabilities. The effects of reperfusion are the result of the inflammatory function of the damaged tissue, which releases white blood cells, inflammatory factors such as interleukins, and free radicals into the damaged tissue as the blood returns, causing oxidative stress. (5) that certain areas of the brain and certain types of neurons, including pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and striatum, are more sensitive to cerebral ischemia. (6, 7)
The hippocampus is the part of the brain that is located in the lateral ventricular floor of the temporal lobe and has specific areas called the dentate gyrus and the ammonia horn, which consists of three parts: CA1, CA2, CA3, and the neurons in each area. The hippocampus has unique biophysical properties, intracellular environment, and receptors (8).
This has been implicated in the formation of new memory and the processing of spatial information (9), and it has been shown that differentiation of neuroblasts and production of new neurons in mammals begins in the two subgranular regions of the hippocampus and the ventricle of the olfactory bulb in the brain. 10, 11). The hippocampus is also supplied by the anterior choroidal artery, which is a branch of the internal carotid artery. , Epilepsy, stroke, ischemia and especially brain trauma. (12)
Extensive research has been conducted to find an effective drug to reduce the damage caused by ischemia and restoration of blood flow (13), and much research has been done on stimulating neurogenesis through enriched environments, physical activity, and memory-related tasks. And learning, the use of therapeutic cells of different origins and antioxidants.
Over the past 20 years, animal studies have shown beneficial effects of physical exercise on cerebral ischemia, including increased survival, reduced neurological defects, improvement in blood-brain barrier defects, and blood vessel integrity (14). Biochemical activity of the hippocampus following exercise strengthens memory (15) and it has been shown that physical activity has a neuroprotective effect against hippocampal damage that damages memory, as well as increasing the expression of neuronal growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor NGF and growth factors. Fibroblasts and vascular growth factor (16, 17)
Other studies have shown that exercise reduces neuronal function as well as stroke volume in rats. (18) and reduces inflammatory damage by reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators as well as reducing leukocyte accumulation. [19] It also improves short-term memory and spatial memory by increasing neuron production as well as reducing apoptosis in the hippocampus. 20)
According to many studies on reducing the damage to the hippocampus after ischemia-reperfusion induction, the effect of exercise neurogenesis on the hippocampus before ischemia has also been proven, but so far in the effect of swimming exercise on the hippocampus. After induction of ischemia-reperfusion, no comprehensive research has been done (therapeutic effect of exercise).
Therefore, we investigate the effect of swimming exercise on mice hippocampus after ischemia-reperfusion induction
The hippocampus is the part of the brain that is located in the lateral ventricular floor of the temporal lobe and has specific areas called the dentate gyrus and the ammonia horn, which consists of three parts: CA1, CA2, CA3, and the neurons in each area. The hippocampus has unique biophysical properties, intracellular environment, and receptors (8).
This has been implicated in the formation of new memory and the processing of spatial information (9), and it has been shown that differentiation of neuroblasts and production of new neurons in mammals begins in the two subgranular regions of the hippocampus and the ventricle of the olfactory bulb in the brain. 10, 11). The hippocampus is also supplied by the anterior choroidal artery, which is a branch of the internal carotid artery. , Epilepsy, stroke, ischemia and especially brain trauma. (12)
Extensive research has been conducted to find an effective drug to reduce the damage caused by ischemia and restoration of blood flow (13), and much research has been done on stimulating neurogenesis through enriched environments, physical activity, and memory-related tasks. And learning, the use of therapeutic cells of different origins and antioxidants.
Over the past 20 years, animal studies have shown beneficial effects of physical exercise on cerebral ischemia, including increased survival, reduced neurological defects, improvement in blood-brain barrier defects, and blood vessel integrity (14). Biochemical activity of the hippocampus following exercise strengthens memory (15) and it has been shown that physical activity has a neuroprotective effect against hippocampal damage that damages memory, as well as increasing the expression of neuronal growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor NGF and growth factors. Fibroblasts and vascular growth factor (16, 17)
Other studies have shown that exercise reduces neuronal function as well as stroke volume in rats. (18) and reduces inflammatory damage by reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators as well as reducing leukocyte accumulation. [19] It also improves short-term memory and spatial memory by increasing neuron production as well as reducing apoptosis in the hippocampus. 20)
According to many studies on reducing the damage to the hippocampus after ischemia-reperfusion induction, the effect of exercise neurogenesis on the hippocampus before ischemia has also been proven, but so far in the effect of swimming exercise on the hippocampus. After induction of ischemia-reperfusion, no comprehensive research has been done (therapeutic effect of exercise).
Therefore, we investigate the effect of swimming exercise on mice hippocampus after ischemia-reperfusion induction
Received: 2022/06/14 | Accepted: 2022/06/19 | Published: 2022/06/19
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