Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
Studying Microbial quality of dental unit water in Ilam town with Heterotrophic plate count method
0
0
FA
nasim
nikzad
Heshmatolah
Nourmoradi
Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Field and Purpose: what is posed as sources of contamination of dental unit water has become more important because of the incidence of serious infections among people with weakened immune systems. Therefore, regarding the importance of this matter, this study is aimed at measuring HPC in order to ensure healthy water in dental units in Ilam town.
Analysis method: in this descriptive study, 20 healthy dental units of public and private offices in Ilam town were chosen in order to study amount of bacterial contamination (HPC) of water systems. The water sample is taken from four parts. 1. Climate exposed 2-Tourbin 3- Unit drinking water 4-Water inlet valve. Then data are analyzed with statistical SPSS and Excel software.
Findings: among 180 samples mean and standard deviation are 26.50 and 372.50(cfu /ml) respectively. 66.1% of samples are consistent with ADA (200 Cfu /ml) in terms of counting HPC. In ANOVA analysis there is no significant difference among means (p=0.058). Also in significant level of 95% among taken samples, contamination of water in turbine was more than contamination of exposed water and unit drinking water and this contamination is statistically significant (p<0/05).
Conclusion: informing dentists about probability of contamination of unit water and its probable dangers and necessity of using ADA advices like putting filter, using antiseptic materials in water pipes of units in regulate and alternative pseudo and flashing.
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
0
0
FA
Sattar
Kikhavani
Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
survey of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists in Iran: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
0
0
FA
yosra
azizpor
Background and objectives: Dental is a high risk profession according to Musculoskeletal
disorders. Considering that the so far, have not been done research to the determine of the
prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in Iranian dentists; therefore, the objective of this study was
to review of this disorder with systematic review and meta-analysis.
Material and methods: Iranian databases Magiran , SID , IranMedex and Irandoc, Latin
databases Pubmed/Medline, Scopus , Web of science and Science direct , web search engine
Google scholar and the Eastern Mediterranean region base ( IMEMR) with using keywords
prevalence, musculoskeletal, dentists, and medical subject headings (Mesh), were searched.
Data analysis using the random effects model is carried out and heterogeneity between studies
was assessed using the I2 test.
Findings: A total of 11 study with sample size n=1632 entered to the research. The prevalence
of disorders was during the course of the work 73.4% (95% Confidence Interval: 64.1-82.7),
during the past year, 77.3% (95% CI: 66.7-87.9) and during the past seven day 33.6% (95% CI:
6.5-60.8). Highest and lowest prevalence rate of disorders in the neck 50% (95% CI: 43.8-56.3)
and elbow 6.4% (95% CI: 0.8-11.9) during the employment, in the neck 64.4% (95% CI: 60.1-
68.7) and foot-ankle 10% (95% CI: 0.1-20) during the past year and in the neck 46.3% (95% CI:
0.7-85.6) and upper back 12.2% (95% CI: 7.1-17.4) during the past seven day, was seen.
Conclusions: The results showed, high rate of the prevalence of disorders in the dentists
especially in neck area. In dentistry as a sits career, neck more than the other regions of the
body can be involved, and this could be one reason for the increased prevalence in this organs.
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
Studying of factors to improve communication and creating commitment and empathy between the staff of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
0
0
FA
javad
abdi
Arman
Azadi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
Seroepidemiology of Toxocariasis in 2-12-year-old Children
0
0
FA
Jahangir
Abdi
Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
سرواپیدمیولوژی توکسوکاریازیس در کودکان
Abstract Background and Objective: Toxocariasis is a common infection between humans and animals, which can be considered as a health issue in vulnerable populations due to its indigenous nature to the country and the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of contamination with Toxocara canis infection and exposure to its parasite in children. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 621 children aged 2 to12 years referred to health centers in Kermanshah, Iran. After sampling and recording the demographic characteristics, the samples were tested for anti-T. canis antibody (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and Fisher's exact test. Results: Out of 621 tested serum samples, 8 samples (1.3%) were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. Of these, 5 and 3 samples were from male and female patients all living in urban areas. It is noteworthy that none of these individuals had a history of earth-eating, as well as touching or playing with the dog. However, a dog was kept at one of the child's home. Conclusion: The results of the study showed a relatively low prevalence of toxocariasis infection in children, although the findings confirmed the establishment of the parasite transmission cycle in the region. Therefore, considering the importance of hygiene issues, it is necessary to develop and implement strategies for controlling and preventing the infection in the definitive hosts of the parasite in order to reduce the incidence of human infections. Keywords: Seroepidemiology, Toxocara canis, Toxocariasis Received: 20.05.2019 Accepted: 19.08.2019 How to Cite this Article: Mansouri S, Fallah M, Maghsood AH, Matini M. Seroepide-miology of Toxocariasis in 2-12-year-old Children Refered to Health Centers in Kermanshah during 2018. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2019; 26(2): 99-104. DOI: 10.21859/ajcm.26.2.99
Original Article
سرواپیدمیولوژی توکسوکاریازیس در کودکان
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: توکسوکاریازیس ) Toxocariasis ( یکی از عفونتهای مشترک بین انسان و حیوان میباشد
که با توجه به بومیبودن آن در کشور و منطقه میتواند بهعنوان یک مشکل بهداشتی در گروههای آسیبپذیر
محسوب گردد. در این ارتباط، مطالعه حاضر با هدف برآورد میزان خطر آلودگی به توکسوکارا کنیس و مواجهه
با انگل آن در کودکان انجام شد.
2 ساله مراجعهکننده به مراکز - مواد و روشها: مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی حاضر در ارتباط با 121 کودک 12
بهداشتی- درمانی شهر کرمانشاه انجام شد. پس از نمونهبرداری و ثبت ویژگیهای جمعیتشناختی، نمونهها
از نظر وجود آنتیبادی IgG ضد توکسوکارا کنیس با استفاده از روش الایزا مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. تجزیه
و تحلیل دادهها نیز با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS و آزمون دقیق فیشر انجام شد.
1 درصد( از / یافتهها: از میان 121 نمونه سرم که در این مطالعه مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند، هشت نمونه ) 3
نظر وجود آنتیبادی ضد توکسوکارا کنیس مثبت بودند که از این تعداد، پنج نفر پسر و سه نفر دختر بودند و
تمامی آنها در مناطق شهری سکونت داشتند. هیچیک از این افراد سابقه خاکخواری، لمس و بازی با سگ
را نداشتند و تنها در محل زندگی یک کودک، سگ نگهداری میشد.
نتیجهگیری: نتایج نشان دادند که میزان شیوع سرمی آلودگی به توکسوکاریازیس در کودکان مورد بررسی
نسبتاً پایین است؛ هرچند که تأییدکننده برقراری چرخه انتقال انگل در منطقه میباشد؛ از این رو با توجه به
اهمیت بهداشتی آن، تدوین و اجرای راهکارهایی بهمنظور کنترل و پیشگیری از این عفونت در میزبانان نهایی
انگل جهت کاهش هرچه بیشتر عفونتهای انسانی، لازم و ضروری به نظر میرسد.
واژگان کلیدی: توکسوکاریازیس، توکسوکارا کنیس، سرواپیدمیولوژی
تمامی حقوق نشر برای دانشگاه علوم
پزشکی همدان محفوظ است .
مقدمه
توکسوکاریازیس یکی از عفونتهای مشترک انسان و حیوان
است که در اثر آلودگی انسان با نماتودهای حیوانی به نام
توکسوکارا از خانواده توکسوکاریده ) Toxocaridae ( ایجاد
میگردد. کرم بالغ توکسوکارا ساکن دستگاه گوارش برخی از
حیوانات گوشتخوار بوده و در چرخه زندگی این نماتود، سگ
و گربه بهترتیب میزبان نهایی توکسوکارا کنیس و توکسوکارا
کتی میباشند. آلودگی حیوانات به این انگل از طریق خوردن
تخم یا بهصورت مادرزادی در مرحله زندگی داخل رحمی رخ
میدهد. پس از بلوغ کرمها در دستگاه گوارش میزبان نهایی،
تخمهای کرم از طریق مدفوع حیوان خارج شده و با
پراکندهشدن در محیط باعث آلودگی محیط میشوند. تخمها
ظرف چند روز در شرایط مساعد محیطی جنیندار شده و از
طریق خوردن و دستگاه گوارش وارد بدن انسان )بهعنوان
میزبان واسط اتفاقی( میشوند ] 1-3 [ . این انگل قادر به بلوغ
در بدن انسان نمیباشد؛ بهطوری که پس از خروج لارو از
تخمهای بلعیدهشده، از طریق جریان خون به ارگانهای مختلف
مهاجرت کرده و منجر به ایجاد توکسوکاریازیس یا سندروم لارو
مهاجر احشایی VLM ( Visceral larva migrans ( میشود.
اندام یا بافتی که لارو توکسوکارا بیشتر به آنها مهاجرت میکند
عبارت هستند از: مغز، کبد، ریه و چشم. توکسوکاریازیس در
دوره 26 ، شماره 2 ، تابستان 0318 ، صفحات 11 تا 014
مجله پزشکی بالینی ابن سینا
مقاله پژوهشی
010 مجله پزشکی بالینی ابن سینا، دوره 26 ، شماره 2، تابستان 0318
منصوری و همکاران
انسان از نظر بالینی به سه نوع قابلتفکیک است که عبارت هستند
از: سندروم لارو مهاجر احشایی ) VLM (، سندروم لارو مهاجر
چشمی ) OLM: Ocular Larva Migrans ( و توکسوکاریازیس
بدون علامت ) Toxocariasis Covert ) ] 4 [. تظاهرات بالینی
در این عفونت به فاکتورهای مختلفی از قبیل شدت آلودگی،
پاسخ ایمنی میزبان و عضو درگیر در بدن بستگی دارد. قابلذکر
است که کودکان زیر 12 سال به دلیل خاکخواری، عدم
رعایت بهداشت و ارتباط نزدیکتر با سگ نسبت به ابتلا به
توکسوکاریازیس مستعدتر هستند ] 5 [. توکسوکاریازیس بهطور
ویژهای در مناطق حارهای و نیمهحارهای در جوامع کمتر
توسعهیافتهای که در آنها درمان سگها بهعنوان میزبان نهایی و
کنترل عوامل منتقلکننده محدود میباشد، شایع است ] 1،7 [ . با
توجه به مطالعات انجامشده در نقاط مختلف جهان، میزان شیوع
17/ سرمی توکسوکارا کنیس از کمتر از 1 درصد در کانادا تا 1
درصد در گوانگجو گزارش شده است ] 8،1 [. در ایران نیز
مطالعات مشابهی در نقاط مختلف کشور انجام شده است که در
21/ 1 تا 34 / آنها میزان شیوع آلودگی به توکسوکاراکنیس بین 3
.]13- درصد تعیین گزارش گردیده است ] 14
تنها روش قطعی برای تشخیص توکسوکاریازیس، مشاهده
لارو در قطعات بافتی میباشد؛ اما این روش با مشکلاتی همراه
است ] 15 [ . روش دیگر تشخیص، روش مولکولی PCR
( Polymerase Chain Reaction ( میباشد ] 11 [ . روشهای
تصویربرداری نیز در تشخیص این عفونت کمککننده میباشند
] 17 [ . با توجه به انتشار لارو توکسوکارا در نقاط مختلف بدن
انسان و عدم دسترسی آسان و غیرتهاجمی به آن، استفاده از
روشهای تشخیص انگلشناسی در مطالعات همهگیرشناسی این
انگل امکانپذیر نمیباشد؛ از این رو در انجام مطالعات
همهگیرشناسی، استفاده از روشهای سرولوژی بهعنوان یکی از
روشهای کاربردی و مناسب محسوب میشوند. در این راستا در
مطالعه حاضر روش الایزا ) ELISA ( به دلیل حساسیت و ویژگی
مناسب جهت تشخیص عفونت و مطالعات همهگیرشناسی مورد
استفاده قرار گرفت ] 18-23 [ .
با توجه به اینکه توکسوکاریازیس از نظر بهداشتی دارای
اهمیت قابلتوجهی میباشد، مطالعه در زمینههای مختلف
همهگیرشناسی آن در انسان و حیوان از اهمیت خاص خود
برخوردار است. به دلیل بومیبودن این عفونت در کشور و منطقه
و همچنین حضور سگهای ولگرد در پارکها و محل بازی
کودکان، احتمال عفونت در انسان همیشه مطرح است؛ از این رو
انجام مطالعات همهگیرشناسی در جامعه، وضعیت آلودگی به
توکسوکاریازیس و سایر مسائل همهگیرشناسی مرتبط با این
عفونت را در منطقه روشن مینماید. در این راستا، مطالعه حاضر
بهمنظور برآورد میزان خطر آلودگی و مواجهه با انگل در شهر
کرمانشاه طراحی و اجرا گردید تا اطلاعات بهدستآمده در
راستای اقدامات مؤثرتر بهداشتی بهمنظور پیشگیری و کنترل این
عفونت در انسان مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
مواد و روشها
مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی حاضر پس از تصویب در کمیته
اخلاق دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان با شماره اختصاصی
IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.27700 در ارتباط با کودکان 2 تا
12 سال مراجعهکننده به مراکز بهداشتی- درمانی شهر کرمانشاه
در سال 1317 انجام شد.
در مطالعه حاضر شش مرکز بهداشتی- درمانی بهصورت
تصادفی در سطح شهر انتخاب گردیدند. از این مراکز 121 کودک
که به هر دلیلی به این مراکز مراجعه کرده بودند، انتخاب
گردیدند؛ بهطوری که از هر مرکز بهداشتی- درمانی، افراد به
نسبت مساوی وارد مطالعه شدند. نمونهبرداری از کودکان
بهصورت تصادفی و پس از کسب رضایت آگاهانه از والدین آنها
انجام شد. ابتدا اطلاعات جمعیتشناختی کودکان شامل: سن،
جنس، سابقه خاکخواری، تماس با سگ و غیره جمعآوری شد
و در پرسشنامههای اختصاصی ثبت گردید. سپس 1 میلیلیتر
نمونه خون وریدی با رعایت کلیه نکات بهداشتی از افراد گرفته
شد. نمونهها پس از انتقال به آزمایشگاه بیمارستان آیتالله
طالقانی کرمانشاه، بلافاصله سانتریفیوژ گردیده و سرم آنها جدا
شد و تا زمان انجام آزمایش در دمای 73 - درجه سانتیگراد
نگهداری گردید.
بهمنظور جستجوی آنتیبادی ضد توکسوکارا کنیس از
کیتهای تشخیص آنتیبادی IgG ضد توکسوکارا کنیس
)ساخت شرکت IBL آلمان( استفاده گردید. پیش از انجام
آزمایش و آغاز کار، سرمهای فریزشده، محلولها و سرمهای
کنترل در دمای اتاق قرار داده شدند تا برای آغاز فرایند کار آماده
گردند. سپس، آزمایش الایزا مطابق با دستورالعمل کیت انجام
شد و نتایج آن توسط الایزا ریدر قرائت گردید. در ادامه با محاسبه
میانگین cut off های بهدستآمده، میزان جذب نوری cut off
تعیین شد و نمونههایی که جذب نوری 13 درصد بالاتر از cut off
داشتند بهعنوان سرم مثبت تلقی گردیدند و نمونههایی که جذب
نوری 13 درصد کمتر از cut off داشتند، بهعنوان سرم منفی در
نظر گرفته شدند. شایان ذکر است نمونههایی که جذب نوری حد
فاصل را داشتند، مشکوک تلقی شدند و پس از گذشت دو تا چهار
هفته مجدداً نمونهبرداری در مورد آنها تکرار گردید و نمونهها
تحت آزمایش قرار گرفتند. نمونههایی که نتیجه یکسانی با نتیجه
آزمایش قبل داشتند بهعنوان نمونه منفی در نظر گرفته شدند.
در این مطالعه برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزار SPSS 21
و آزمون دقیق فیشر استفاده گردید.
یافتهها
1/ از 121 کودک شرکتکننده در این مطالعه، هشت نفر ) 3
درصد( از نظر وجود آنتیبادی اختصاصی IgG ضد توکسوکارا
012 مجله پزشکی بالینی ابن سینا، دوره 26 ، شماره 2، تابستان 0318
سرواپیدمیولوژی توکسوکاریازیس در کودکان
جدول 0: فراوانی وضعیت آنتیبادی ضد توکسوکارا کنیس در افراد شرکتکننده در مطالعه بر حسب متغیرهای جمعیتشناختی
متغیر
وضعیت سرمی
سطح
معناداری
مثبت منفی مجموع
تعداد )درصد( تعداد )درصد( تعداد )درصد(
سن
)133( 117 )18/3( 115 )1/7( 2 2-3
3/532
)133( 148 )11/3( 147 )3/7( 1 4-5
)133( 123 )17/5( 117 )2/5( 3 1-7
)133( 113 )133( 113 3 8-1
)133( 121 )18/4( 124 )1/1( 2 13-12
)133( 317 )18/4( 312 )1/1( جنس پسر 5
3/725
)133( 334 )11( 331 )1( دختر 3
تحصیلات والدین
)133( 331 )11/4( 337 )3/1( بیسواد 2
3/345
)133( 251 )11/2( 251 )1/1( دیپلم 5
)133( 51 )18( 53 )2( کارشناسی 1
)133( 5 )133( 5 )3/3( کارشناسی ارشد و بالاتر 3
)133( 511 )18/4( 511 )1/1( محل سکونت شهر 8
3/315
)133( 132 )133( 132 )3/3( روستا 3
)133( 51 )133( 51 )3/3( سابقه خاکخواری بله 3
1
)133( 512 )18/1( 554 )1/4( خیر 8
)133( 43 )133( 43 )3/3( لمس و بازی با سگ بله 3
1
)133( 581 )18/1( 573 )1/4( خیر 8
)133( 131 )11/2( 133 )3/8( بازی در محل تردد سگ بله 1
1
)133( 413 )18/1( 483 )1/4( خیر 7
مصرف جگر یا گوشت مرغ خام
یا نیمپز
)133( 53 )18/1( 52 )1/1( بله 1
3/512 )133( 518 )18/8( 511 )1/2( خیر 7
12 درصد( پسر / کنیس مثبت بودند که از این تعداد پنج نفر ) 5
37 درصد( دختر بودند. والدین دو نفر از این کودکان / و سه نفر ) 5
بیسواد بودند و پنج نفر مدرک دیپلم و یک نفر مدرک لیسانس
83 درصد از شرکتکنندگان در مطالعه در شهر و / داشتند. 1
11/4 درصد از آنها در روستا سکونت داشتند. بر مبنای یافتهها
میتوان گفت افرادی که نتیجه آزمایش آنها مثبت بود، در
مناطق شهری سکونت داشتند و فاقد سابقه خاکخواری بودند.
ذکر این نکته ضرورت دارد که در محل زندگی یک نفر از افراد
سرم مثبت، سگ نگهداری میشد. وضعیت سرمی و سایر
ویژگیهای جمعیتشناختی افراد شرکتکننده در مطالعه در
جدول 1 قابلمشاهده میباشد.
بحث
در مطالعه حاضر که در ارتباط با 121 کودک 2 تا 12 سال
مراجعهکننده به شش مرکز بهداشتی- درمانی در سطح شهر
کرمانشاه انجام شد، میزان شیوع سرمی آلودگی به توکسوکارا
1/ کنیس با استفاده از روش الایزا معادل 3 درصد بهدست آمد.
مطالعات انجامشده در ایران شیوع سرمی توکسوکاریازیس را در
21 درصد گزارش نمودهاند / 1 تا 34 / جمعیت انسانی بین 3
13-14 [. از جمله مطالعات انجامشده در مورد شیوع آلودگی به [
توکسوکارا کنیس میتوان به مطالعهای که در استان سیستان و
بلوچستان در ارتباط با 113 کودک کمتر از 11 سال انجام دادند،
1 درصد( از نظر حضور / اشاره نمود. در این پژوهش 17 نفر ) 7
آنتیبادی ضد توکسوکارا کنیس مثبت بودند. همچنین در این
مطالعه ارتباط معناداری بین سرم مثبت بودن و سن، جنس،
محل زندگی و مصرف سبزیجات خام مشاهده شد؛ اما رابطه
معناداری با سایر متغیرها )مانند ارتباط با سگ و تحصیلات
والدین( بهدست نیامد. مشاهده ارتباط معنادار بین سرم مثبت
بودن و موارد ذکرشده در مطالعه سیستان و بلوچستان بر خلاف
مطالعه حاضر میتواند ناشی از تفاوتهای جغرافیایی و منطقهای،
عادات تغذیهای و شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه باشد ] 21 [. در این
راستا در مطالعهای که مؤمن و همکاران در سال 1317 در
اصفهان در ارتباط با دو گروه از کودکان شامل: 43 کودک مبتلا
به آسم و 43 کودک غیر مبتلا به آن انجام دادند، 45 درصد از
21 درصد از کودکان غیر مبتلا / گروه کودکان مبتلا به آسم و 7
به آن به لحاظ حضور آنتیبادی ضد توکسوکارا کنیس مثبت
بودند. در این مطالعه ارتباط معناداری بین سرم مثبت بودن و
رفتن به پارک و بازی در زمینهای خاکی مشاهده شد که این
تفاوت در میزان شیوع سرمی توکسوکارا کنیس نسبت به مطالعه
حاضر میتواند به میزان آلودگی خاک و محیط، محل بازی و
013 مجله پزشکی بالینی ابن سینا، دوره 26 ، شماره 2، تابستان 0318
منصوری و همکاران
همچنین تفاوت در جامعه مورد مطالعه وابسته باشد ] 22 [. در
مطالعه دیگری که حسینی صفا و همکاران در سال 1315 در
شهر اصفهان در ارتباط با 427 کودک انجام دادند، میزان شیوع
1 درصد گزارش گردید که همانند مطالعه / سرمی معادل 31
حاضر بین متغیرهای مورد بررسی از جمله سن، جنسیت، محل
سکونت، نگهداری و لمس و بازی با سگ، میزان تحصیلات والدین
و آلودگی به توکسوکاریازیس ارتباط معناداری مشاهده نشد.
نتایج این مطالعات که در سالهای اخیر انجام شدهاند، با نتایج
بهدستآمده از مطالعه حاضر همسو میباشند و نسبت به مطالعات
انجامشده در سالهای گذشته، میزان شیوع پایینتری را نشان
میدهند که این امر میتواند ناشی از افزایش سطح بهداشت
عمومی و انجام اقدامات پیشگیرانه از سوی سازمانهای مربوطه
باشد ] 13 [ . در ارتباط با سایر مطالعات انجامشده در کشور
میتوان به مطالعات انجامشده در شهرهای تبریز با میزان شیوع
21/34 درصد و اهواز با میزان شیوع 2 درصد اشاره نمود که این
اختلاف مشاهدهشده در میزان شیوع سرمی توکسوکارا کنیس در
این دو مطالعه با مطالعه حاضر میتواند ناشی از تفاوت در روش
انجام آزمایش و نیز تفاوت در نوع جامعه تحت مطالعه باشد
] 11،12 [ . در غرب کشور نیز مطالعهای توسط فلاح و همکاران
در سال 1381 در شهرستان همدان انجام شد. در این مطالعه
5 درصد گزارش / میزان شیوع سرمی این عفونت کرمی معادل 3
گردید که همانند مطالعه حاضر، ارتباط معناداری بین شیوع
سرمی توکسوکارا کنیس و متغیرهای سن، جنسیت، محل
سکونت، سابقه خاکخواری، نگهداری و لمس و بازی با سگ
مشاهده نشد. پایینبودن میزان شیوع سرمی بهدستآمده در این
مطالعه در مقایسه با مطالعه فلاح با توجه به حجم تقریباً یکسان
از نظر تعداد نمونه در دو مطالعه میتواند ناشی از افزایش سطح
بهداشت عمومی و میزان آگاهی مردم در مطالعه حاضر باشد
] 13 [. در استان کرمانشاه نیز در سال 1383 مطالعهای در منطقه
ماهیدشت در مورد 213 کودک 2 تا 12 سال انجام شد و در آن
8/ میزان شیوع سرمی آلودگی به توکسوکارا کنیس معادل 41
درصد گزارش گردید. در این مطالعه ارتباط معناداری بین آلودگی
به توکسوکاریازیس و متغیرهای جنسیت، سابقه خاکخواری و
نگهداری و لمس و بازی با سگ بهدست نیامد. مقایسه نتایج این
مطالعه با یافتههای مطالعه حاضر در استان کرمانشاه نشاندهنده
اختلاف قابلملاحظه میزان شیوع آلودگی به توکسوکارا کنیس
در این استان میباشد. این اختلاف در میزان شیوع آلودگی
میتواند ناشی از یک یا چند عامل باشد که از جمله این عوامل
میتوان به اختلاف زمانی انجام مطالعات، اختلاف در منطقه مورد
مطالعه، حجم نمونه و همچنین اندازهگیری آنتیبادی ضد
توکسوکارا کنیس که در مطالعه ماهیدشت از نوع IgE بود، اشاره
کرد ] 14 [. تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج در مطالعه حاضر نشاندهنده
عدم ارتباط آماری بین آلودگی به توکسوکاریازیس و متغیرهای
همهگیرشناسی مربوط به این عفونت کرمی بود. یکی از توجیهاتی
که میشود برای این عدم ارتباط آماری بیان نمود، تعداد کم افراد
سرم مثبت در این مطالعه است که با انتخاب افراد بیشتر و
گسترش منطقه مورد مطالعه و همچنین انتخاب دقیقتر
گروههای هدف در مطالعات بعدی میتوان این محدودیت را تا
حد زیادی کاهش داد. در مطالعه حاضر بیشترین میزان آلودگی
در گروه سنی 1 تا 7 سال مشاهده گردید و میزان شیوع در جنس
مذکر بیشتر از جنس مؤنث بود که این امر میتواند ناشی از تفاوت
در میزان ارتباط با سگ، نوع بازی و وضعیت بهداشتی محل
زندگی کودکان باشد. زندگی در شهر یا روستا نیز میتواند از
عوامل دخیل در ابتلا به این انگل باشد. مناطق روستایی به دلیل
تماس بیشتر با حیوانات و پایینبودن سطح بهداشت در آنها
نسبت به مناطق شهری باعث افزایش خطر آلودگی به انگل
میشوند؛ هرچند با ارتقای سطح بهداشت و آگاهی افراد و در
نتیجه تغییر در فرهنگ و شیوه زندگی در مناطق روستایی، تفاوت
آماری معناداری در برخی از مطالعات از جمله در مطالعه حاضر
مشاهده نشد ] 13،13،14 [ .
نتیجهگیری
نتایج این مطالعه نشان دادند که میزان شیوع آلودگی به
توکسوکاریازیس در شهر کرمانشاه تا حدودی کمتر از سایر
مناطق کشور میباشد؛ اما با توجه به اهمیت بهداشتی این عفونت
در جامعه و برقراربودن چرخه انتقال آن در منطقه تحت بررسی،
اجرای تدابیر و اقداماتی جهت کنترل و پیشگیری از این عفونت
و همچنین افزایش سطح آگاهی عمومی افراد جامعه میتواند
کمک شایانی به کنترل و کاهش آلودگی به این انگل کرمی در
افراد و بهویژه در کودکان این منطقه نماید.
تشکر و قدردانی
مقاله حاضر برگرفته از پایاننامه دوره کارشناسی ارشد رشته
انگلشناسی پزشکی مصوب دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان با
شماره طرح 1134132334 میباشد. بدینوسیله نویسندگان
مراتب تشکر و قدردانی خود را از معاونت تحقیقات و فناوری
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان به دلیل حمایت مالی از این طرح
اعلام مینمایند. شایان ذکر است که نویسندگان هیچگونه تعارض
منافعی با نتایج ارائهشده ندارند.
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The relationship between borna virus disease and schizophrenia and other mental disease : meta-analysis
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zaynab
tardeh
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a disabling psychiatric disorder. The role of Borna Disease Virus (BDV) in the
etiology of schizophrenia has been suggested by several studies. However, the existence of such association
remained controversial. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate this association.
Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic
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Evaluation of behavioral disorders in patients with chronic toxoplasmosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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laila
abasian
Because Toxoplasma tissue cysts are mainly found in host neuromuscular tissues, including the cerebellum, studies have shown that Toxoplasma can affect individuals' personality. Toxoplasma affects personality factors such as mildness, alertness, suspicion, caution, and personality control.This research is a type of structured review studies and meta-analysis from the category of secondary studies. The search will be performed without time or age restrictions. The type of studies that will be included in this meta-analysis is cross-sectional, group study, and case study.
Technology and Research Information System
1
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2018
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An Investigation of the Relationship between Spiritual Health and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
0
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mohamad hoossin
miri
Seyed Rahmatollah
Mousavimoghadam
Department of Islamic Education, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Due to daily occupational stress, students of medical sciences may experience some disorders in their spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and depression, anxiety, and stress among the students of Ilam University of medical sciences in 1395. This is a descriptive-cross sectional study that was performed on 300 randomly selected students of Ilam University of medical sciences in 1395. In order to measure the level of spiritual health among the participants, Paloutzian-Ellison’s 20-item standard questionnaire was utilized and DASS-21 questionnaire was used to measure variables depression, anxiety, and stress. Findings: In the present study, of 300 subjects under investigation, 194 subjects (64.6 percent) were female. The highest frequencies for depression, anxiety, severe stress, and extremely severe stress were observed among single subjects (12, 20, and 10.6 respectively). Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that there is a statistically significant linear correlation between the mean score of spiritual health and the level of depression, anxiety, and stress in students (p=0.001). Conclusion: Results of this research showed a positive correlation between spiritual health and indices depression, anxiety, and stress
among students of Ilam University of medical sciences. Accordingly, it can be said that acquiring skills in the domain of spiritual health for medical sciences students is as necessary as acquiring nursing and medical care skills.
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1
2
2018
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Assessment of risk management in the hospitals of Ilam city during
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0
FA
Hamid
Taghinejad
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Hamed
Tavan
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Risk management in health care refers to a diverse set of measures taken to improve the quality and safety of services for patients (1). The patient care environment consists of three parts, which include buildings, equipment and staff (2).
Various statistics on the incidence and prevalence of medical errors have been published in different hospitals. It is estimated that about one in 10 people admitted to a hospital experiences an unfortunate event, about half of which is preventable, and about one-third of the events cause harm to the patient, which can occur in a variety of ways. It varies from increasing the length of stay to death (3). Risk is the threat posed by an event or action that adversely affects an organization's ability to achieve its goals. In fact, risk management is the process of identifying, evaluating and controlling potential incidental risks, the specific consequences of which are damage or failure to change the status quo.
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1
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2018
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Evaluating the beliefs on insulin injection non-adherence among type 2 diabetic patients in Ilam city
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Mohammadamin
Mohseni
Ali
Sharifi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
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Investigating the Relationship between Nutritional Status, Food Insecurity, and Causes of Hospitalization of Children with Infectious Diseases
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0
FA
mohsen
moradi
Ilam University of Medical Sciences
Masoumeh
Otaghi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Jasem
Mohamadi
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Methods: In the current cross sectional study, 580 children hospitalized in the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Imam Khomeini Hospital were recruited through the census method. To collect the relevant data, a demographic information questionnaire, the household food security survey module (HFSSM), and tools such as a tape measure and a weighing scale were used. Within these indices, weight - for - age indicated being underweight, weight - to - height represented thinness, and weight - for - age showed short stature. The data, in terms of descriptive and inferential statistical tests were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Results: The results revealed that out of the 580 children examined, 192 (33.1%) were moderately underweight, 166 (28.6%) had moderate thinness, and 167 (28.8%) had a moderate short stature. In total, 453 (78.1%) children had food security. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the causes of hospitalization and being underweight or thin and food insecurity (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Given the statistically significant relationship between nutritional status, food insecurity, and causes of hospitalization in children, it is necessary to take appropriate interventions to promote nutritional st
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2018
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The Impact of Motivational Interviewing on Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
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AmirHossin
Salimi
Sattar
Kikhavani
Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
ولتیپل اسکلروزیس یک بیماری مزمن سیستم عصبی مرکزی است که ارتباط آن با برخی از اختلالات روانی خصوصاً افسردگی مشخص شده است. بر این اساس، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر مصاحبه انگیزشی بر افسردگی بیماران مبتلا به مولتیپل اسکلروزیس انجام شد.
روش کار: این پژوهش، یک نوع مطالعه نیمه تجربی دو گروهی قبل و بعد بوده که بر روی 60 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به مولتیپل اسکلروزیس مراجعه کننده به کلینیک ام اس ، که به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند، انجام شد. بیماران شرکت کننده در مطالعه به شکل تصادفی در دو گروه آزمون و شاهد قرار گرفتند. برای بیماران گروه آزمون سه جلسه مصاحبه انگیزشی به مدت یک ساعت در هر جلسه به صورت هفتگی اجرا شد. دادهها از طریق پرسشنامه استاندارد بک، قبل از مداخله و یک ماه پس از پایان انجام مداخله جمع آوری و با استفاده از آزمونهای تی مستقل، تی زوجی، من – ویتنی و کای – اسکولر مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافتهها: پس از انجام مداخله، میانگین نمره افسردگی در گروه مداخله از (5/14 ± 42/28) به (2/7 ± 08/21) تقلیل یافت، که نشان دهنده کاهش معنی دار افسردگی در این گروه بود (05/0 > P). در حالی که در گروه شاهد این میزان قبل و پس از انجام مداخله (77/13 ± 12/26) به (8 ± 6/25) اختلاف معنی داری نداشت (05/0 < P). پس از انجام مداخله، اختلاف معنی داری از نظر میانگین نمره افسردگی بین گروههای آزمون و شاهد مشاهده شد (05/0 > P).
نتیجه گیری: یافتههای پژوهش حاکی از کاهش افسردگی در گروه مداخله بود؛ بدین معنی که مصاحبه انگیزشی میتواند در جهت کاهش علائم افسردگی بیماران مبتلا به مولتیپل اسکلروزیس مؤثر باشد و کاربرد آن برای سایر بیماران پیشنهاد میگردد.
واژههای کلیدی: مصاحبه انگیزشی، افسردگی، مولتیپل اسکلروزیس
Technology and Research Information System
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2
2018
10
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The Relationship between attitude towards pain relief and housing in patients with cancer in Ilam city in 2017
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0
FA
rasol
rahmani
Hassan
Nourmohammadi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Mohamad Sadegh
Abedzadeh Zavareh
Department of Public Health and Health Education, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Introduction: Pain management and supportive-care are critical for cancer patients. The purpose of these cares is to focus on the patients’ needs in physical, psychological and social aspects. Objectives: Given the importance of pain in cancer patients and its role in patients' quality of life, the present study was conducted to determine the attitude of cancer patients toward pain relief in Ilam in 2016. Materials and methods: The study was cross-sectional descriptive conducted on 220 cancer patients using convenient sampling method. The questionnaires used were demographic characteristics form, cancer patients’ attitudes towards pain, and visual analog scale (VAS). If the patients could complete the questionnaires, they would do it a self-expression; and if not, the researchers would complete it for them. The patients completed VAS questionnaire. After collecting data and entering spss16, they were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results of this study showed that most of the patients selected “agree” and “fully agree” in the first dimension for “if in low pain a analgesic is used, in case of severe pain, it will not be effective;” in the second dimension, “pain prevents enjoying entertainment and social activities.” Moreover, they selected the same options in the third dimension for “thinking about pain increases the pain intensity” and in the fourth dimension, “analgesics are very addictive.” Furthermore, in the fifth dimension, the results showed that 48.7% of patients Fully agree and agree " There is no control over pain and relief by the individual.".” Concerning the fear of injection, 46.4% of the patients agreed and fully agreed with “The injection of analgesics is painful” (Table 2). The results also showed that the mean and standard deviation of the perceived pain severity in patients were 8.39 ± 1.33. Conclusion: given the effects of different factors affecting pain in cancer patients, it is necessary to do perform appropriate interventions in p
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Training on Psychological Problems and Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer
0
0
FA
parisa
sanei
Masoumeh
Otaghi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Introduction: Cancer poses substantial challenges to both physical andmental health. Among all types of cancers, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iranian women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectsof mindfulness-basedtraining on psychological status and quality of life (QoL) ofpatients with breast cancer in Ilam, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed with64 patients (32 experimentaland 34 control patients) diagnosed with breast cancer in Ilam. The experimental group received eight 90-min mindfulness-based group training sessions. Sessions were conducted twice per week and were completed within 1 month. The research tools included a QoLquestionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Schneider’s Life Expectancy Questionnaire, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The questionnaireswere completed during interviews with the patients 2months afterintervention. Data were then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics with SPSS v.16.
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
Contagious Diseases and their Related Risk Factors in the Pilgrims Referred to Educational and Treatment Centers in Ilam on the Day of Arbaeen in 2016
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0
FA
Hamed
Tavan
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Khairollah
Asadolahi
Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Background: Travelling to places where the population density is high often causes the transmission of infectious diseases; thus, not complying with hygiene standards can result in an increase in infectious diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate contagious diseases and their related risk factors among the pilgrims admitted to Ilam’s educational and treatment centers on the day of Arbaeen in 2016.
Methods: The study population consisted of 105 patients. The research instrument was a checklist including two parts. The first part of the checklist included demographic information and the second part contained information about infectious diseases. For data analysis, the SPSS V. 19 software was used.
Results: The sample size consisted of 63 male patients and 42 female patients. The age groups extremely suffering from infectious diseases were the age groups of above 60 and under 20 years of age including 28 patients (26.7%). The disease associated with the highest mortality rate was acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration, including 4 deaths. There were statistically significant relationships between the values of WBC, Urea, and Cr and the patients’ gender and age (P Value <0.05).
Conclusion: Identifying age groups more prone to such diseases (e.g., children and seniors), complying with hygiene standards, consuming healthy food, and using safe drinking-water can contribute to preventing the occurrence of a large number of infectious diseases. Moreover, it is recommended to hold training classes to have pilgrims learn about the symptoms of contagious diseases.
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The Association between Hypertension and Serum Vitamin D Concentration
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0
FA
Milad
Azami
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Shoboo
Rahmati
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Samiramis
Qavam
Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Abstract
Background and objective: The most common adjustable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension. Vitamin D deficiency in worldwide has become a pandemic. Yet, the relationship between hypertension and the lack of micronutrients such as vitamin D has not been determined. Therefore, this study was to determine the possible relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and blood pressure in Ilam, Iran.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 166 participants randomly were selected from the cardiac and internal clinics of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. Exclusion criteria including diabetes, pregnancy, history of pancreatitis, alcohol consumption greater than 400 cc per week, hypo/hyperthyroidism, hypo/hyperparathyroidism, cushing's syndrome, addison disease, acromegaly , Kidney disease (creatinine higher than 1.5mg/dl), liver and bile duct disease, vitamin D supplementation, history of gastric or duodenal ulcer, gastric and intestinal surgery, and drug use including diuretics, corticosteroids, Antiepileptic, androgen. Hypertension was defined as ≥ 140 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and ≥ 90 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. The concentration of vitamin D was measured using ELISA method. The cut-off point for vitamin D deficiency was defined as 20 ng / dL. Blood sample was taken for measuring vitamin D concentration. T-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to measure the association between study variables.
Findings: The age range was between 40 to 75 years with the mean [standard deviation] of 52.3 [± 8.3] years. Participants were divided into two groups 44.6% cases (vitamin D deficiency) and 55.4% controls (sufficient level of vitamin D). There was significant association between diastolic blood pressure between two groups (P= 0.048). No significant association between diastolic blood pressure, mean age, BMI, systolic and sex, marital, occupation, education, income, and smoking between two groups (P>0.05). The correlation test showed that decreasing in serum vitamin D concentrations was increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, this correlation was not statistically significant among study participants.
Conclusion: The results showed no statistically significant relationship between blood pressure and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in individuals aged 40 years and over.
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) on plasm lipid profile in human and animal
0
0
FA
maryam
azimi
Kourosh
Sayehmiri
Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The Relationship between Selenium and Lung Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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0
FA
Masoumeh
Shohani
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Context: Many studies have reported contradictory results about the relationship between selenium levels and the risk of lung
cancer.
Objectives: This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the relationship between selenium and lung cancer.
Methods: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews
and metaanalyses (PRISMA) guidelines. UsingMeSHkeywords, two reviewers independently searched international databases
including PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, EMBASE,Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The data were combined,
using comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2 based on the random effects model. The tests were considered significant at
P < 0.05.
Results: In 15 high-quality studies including 13 case-control and 2 cohort studies, 84 199 subjects (2 434 cases and 81 765 controls)
were studied. The odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer in the highest quintile of selenium exposure compared to the lowest quintile was
0.55 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.86, P < 0.01). The results of the standardized mean difference between serum selenium concentrations in
lung cancer and healthy groups in 11 studies (1446 cases and 77917 controls) was - 0.32 g/L (95% CI: -0.53 to -0.11, P = 0.003). This
value for toenails selenium in 3 studies (620 cases and 2 709 controls) was - 0.13 g/g (95% CI: -0.22 to -0.038, P = 0.006). In subgroup
analysis, it was determined that gender (P = 0.28), type of studies (P = 0.70), and measurement of selenium samples (P = 0.46) were
not influencing factors.
Conclusions: The results of the study indicated the preventive role of increased selenium levels in the incidence of lung cancer.
Moreover, the selenium could be used as a predictive variable.
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
study and survery the concentration of plumb and cadmium in foods
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0
FA
nasim
nikzad
Heshmatolah
Nourmoradi
Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
elham
porkian ahmad abadi
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The relationship between selenium and prostate cancer : meta-analysis and systematic review
0
0
FA
zeinab
tardeh
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
Comparison the effect of tele- nursing and discharge planing on self-efficacy among patients caregivers with stroke hospitalized in governmental hospitals of Ilam and Dezful during 2016-17
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0
FA
Azam
Nikan
Hamid
Taghinejad
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Masoumeh
Otaghi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Background: Caregivers of patients with strok face with different challenges. Caregivers' self-efficacy is a degree of the caregiver’s mastery sense over his/her capacity to carry out his activities required by the patients.
Purpose: The present study was conducted in order to compare the effect of nurse-led telephone follow-up and discharge planing on self-efficacy among caregivers of patients suffering from stroke.
Material & Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental clinical trial. The study sample consisted of 105 caregivers of stroke patients, who were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 35 (control group, discharge program, and telephone follow-up). The required data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and Sherer General Self-efficacy Scale. The Nursing Telephone Nurses Group trained face-to-face for 20 minutes with an educational stroke pamphlet and followed up for four weeks (five times). In the discharge program, 40 minutes of face-to-face training, along with a manual for caring for patients with stroke, were provided to caregivers of patients. The questionnaires were completed by the caregivers before and one month after the experiment. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 at a confidence interval of 95%.
Results: The results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference between the self-efficacy mean scores before and after the study in the control group (p=0.495). In the telephone follow-up group; however, the self-efficacy mean score before the intervention was 63.077±8.79 which increased to 68.43±7.17 after the study. In the discharge group, the self-efficacy mean score increased from 58.69±8.77 to 63.54±6.72 after the study, and these increases were statistically significant (p<0.001).
there was a significant difference among the three groups with regard to their self-efficacy mean scores before the study (p=0.043), and this difference can be attributed to the difference between the telephone follow-up group and the discharge programs (p=0.037). Also, there was a significant difference among the three groups after the study (p<0.0001), which can be attributed to the difference between the control group and the telephone follow-up group (p≤0.0001) and the telephone follow-up group and the discharge group( p=0.023). However, there was no significant difference between the control and discharge groups (p=0.086).
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The Effect of the Continuous Care Model on Blood Pressure in Patients with Type II Diabetes
0
0
FA
reza
Seyedmohammadi
Masoumeh
Otaghi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The Effect of Training Intervention on Nurse’s Performance in Execution of Drug and Food Delivery via Nasogastric Tube
0
0
FA
asma
tarjoman
Department of Surgery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Introduction: The safety of a patient who receives nutritional support by tube feeding depends on nursing care and proper implementation of method and detection by the nurse in case of potential damage threatening the patient. Serious and fatal complications can occur if these considerations are not enacted correctly. Aim: The study was conducted to determine the effect of training intervention on nurse’s performance in execution of drug and food orders using a Nasogastric Tube (NGT). Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was carried out with experimental and control groups by observing 240 cases of executing drug and food orders. The sample consisted of 60 nurses (30 in each group). The experimental group was divided into three groups containing 10 nurses each. Training session of about one and a half-hour was held for each of the three groups. Nurse’s performance was observed by the researchers using an active participation method. Then, data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0 with descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (independent t-test) statistical tests.
Results: Findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between nurse’s performances before intervention. Training implementation improved the performance level of nurses in the experimental group from 10.05±1.47 before intervention to 13.40±1.94 after intervention (p=0.01). Conclusion: With respect to the effectiveness of training intervention based on training in small groups, implementation of this intervention is recommended to improve the performance of nurses.
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
The relationship between health literacy and general health status in patients with type 2 diabetes
0
0
FA
zaynab
khodarahmi
Masoumeh
Otaghi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
Investigating the Effect of Performing the Quiet Time Protocol on the Sleep Quality of Cardiac Patients
0
0
FA
Parisa
Saneie
Masoumeh
Otaghi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Abstract Sleep is one of the major requirements for patients' recovery. Given the role played by environmental factors in patients' sleep disorders in an intensive care unit (ICU), it is necessary to use an appropriate protocol to improve these patients' sleep. Aim: the present study investigated the effect of quiet time protocol (QT) on the sleep quality of cardiac patients in the city of Ilam. Materials and methods: The present clinical trial was performed in 2015, using cardiac patients in Ilam. The patients were divided into two groups (1) experimental and 2) control groups. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ). The quiet time protocol was carried out with the experimental group from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. for three consecutive nights. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Fisher's exact test (to compare the two groups in terms of number of days of hospitalization in the ICU before treatment) and independent t-test (to compare the patients' age difference and sleep hours at home). Results: The findings showed that sleep quality was low in patients before quiet time protocol (QT). There was no significant difference between sleep quality of the experimental group and the control group on the first night (p> 0.05), but on the third night, there was an improvement in patient's sleep quality in the experimental group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Given that the quiet sleep protocol improves the quality of patients' sleep, the implementation of this protocol is recommended to patients receiving nursing care
Technology and Research Information System
1
2
2018
10
1
Evaluating the Effect of Using Training CDs on the Patients with Type II Diabetes1
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0
FA
Hamid
Taghinejad
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Ali
Sharifi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Hamed
Tavan
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
With a variety of short-term and long-term com-plications, diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world and has negative effects on different body systems (e.g., brain, heart, kidneys) (1). The prevalence of diabetes is high in Iran and one per 20 of the Iranian people suffers from diabetes. However, the most important problem is that most people do not know they are sick and this causes irreparable consequences (1).
Although diabetes is a common disease, some provisions can be thought to prevent its progress and in some cases prevent its occurrence. One of these cases is training diabetic patients. Training can be done through different ways such as using pamphlets, leaflets, photographs, videos, and training classes about the disease for patients. With regard to the evolution of technology and new instruments, better and more effective methods are implemented for training in the world (2, 3).
In this study, patients with diabetes were trained through instructional videos. First, patients with type II diabetes referred to the clinic were identi-fied. Then, the date and time of their next visit to the clinic were arranged. Moreover, the objectives of the study were explained to the participants. The samples were divided into two groups: case and control groups. Initially, the two groups were given a test battery including demographic in-formation (i.e., age, gender, height, weight, mari-tal status, location, and history of disease) and 10 questions on their knowledge and attitudes about diabetes, in which the 5-point Likert-type scale was used (Completely know = 5, Partly know = 4, Not sure = 3, Slightly know = 2, and Do not know = 1). Overall, the total score of the ques-tionnaire was 50 points and it was classified into four categories including the low score category (10- 20 points), the lower-middle score category (21-30 points), the upper-middle score category (31-40 points), and high score category (41-50 points). The sample size based on the following statistical formula was at least 44 patients in each group:
Z1 is a 95% confidence interval (i.e., 1/96). Z2 is the power of a test (0/84 for 80% power).
S is an estimate of the standard deviation of the health literacy score of the two groups. d is the minimum mean difference between the two groups and shows the difference is significant while S is considered to be 0/6.
The questionnaire was completed by the case and control groups. Only the case group was given the training CDs containing information on rec-ognizing diabetes, its causes and complications, diet, physical activities and other methods to con-
Taghinejad & Tavan: Evaluating the Effect of Using Training CDs on the Patients …
Available at: http://ijph.tums.ac.ir 302
trol diabetes, and required actions at the onset of diabetes. After going to the clinic again, the pa-tients completed the same questionnaire. Fur-thermore, the control group also completed the same questionnaire on their next visit to the clinic.
Before the intervention (i.e., the instructional videos), the scores of the two groups were almost similar and close to each other. In terms of classi-fications, scores of the case group were as fol-lows: 68% had low score, 24% received the low-er-middle score, and 8% achieved the upper-middle high score, respectively. In the control group, scores were classified as follows: 65% had low score, 25% received the lower-middle score, and 10% achieved the upper-middle score.
Moreover, the mean and standard deviation of the case group was 8.6 ± 21.7 and those of the control group were 8.69 ± 22.3. The scores of both groups had increased after the intervention. Although the control group experienced no train-ing, their scores were higher due to conducting the instructions of the experts. However, their scores were not statistically significant (P-value=0.03). However, the training (with instruc-tional videos) was carried out for the case group and their scores were higher in the next test and statistically significant (P-value = 0.03).
After the second visit, the classification of scores of both groups was as follows: in the case group, 34% had low score, 46% received the lower-middle score, and 20% achieved the upper-middle score and in the control group, 25% had low score, 55% received the lower-middle score, and 20% achieved the upper-middle score. The mean and standard deviation of the case and control groups were10.9 ±27.5 and 9.8±.33.8, respectively.
However, the striking thing is that the overall information on type II diabetes were presented to the patients, but none of them achieved high scores (41-50 points). One of the reasons is that the patients did not exactly pay attention to the questions while responding or to the instructional videos while watching. Most of the study partici-pants were people over 50 yr and maybe this is one of the reasons that the training was not done efficiently.
Finally, if some training for effective prevention or treatment of the disease is conducted through instructional videos, it will bring about better re-sults for patients. Thus, it is necessary for the practitioners to act with sensitivity about this subject for example by preparing appropriate programs and lectures or making some series about diabetes on the national radio and televi-sion broadcasts to grant facts because the intui-tive teaching method might be much more fruit-ful than other training methods.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
This study was approved by Ilam University of Medical Sciences. The cooperation and financial assistance of the Research Deputy of Ilam Uni-versity of Medical Sciences is gratefully appreciat-ed. Moreover, we would like to deeply thank the healthcare centers affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences and the chancellors and the hospital security officers of education and treat-ment centers of Shahid Mustafa Khomeini for contributing to data collection procedures