The main part of any society is its working population. These people who are employed in different organizations face problems according to the atmosphere of the organization, the type of job and their duties.One of the concepts that has attracted the attention of organizational industrial psychologists in recent years is exhaustion, lethargy, lethargy, laziness and lethargy of the job manager, which is called burnout.Burnout is a negative change in a person's attitude, mood and behavior in the face of job stress.One of the factors affecting the reduction of job productivity of employees is the level of mental health of employees. In other words, burnout can reduce the level of efficiency of the organization as a deterrent and therefore the organization suffers a lot of losses.The extent of their burnout can be considered as an introduction to the efforts to relieve people from burnout in the organization.
One of the concepts that has attracted the attention of organizational industrial psychologists in recent years is fatigue, lethargy, lethargy, sluggishness and lethargy of the job manager, which is called burnout (1).Part of every person's daily life is spent at work, there are always several factors as a source of stress in the workplace that if a person is not able to cope effectively with these psychological pressures, he will suffer from many physical, psychological and behavioral complications and eventually leadGet into burnout .First, articles related to the prevalence of burnout in Iran are collected by referring to reputable databases inside and outside the country.The collected articles will be between 1974 and 2016.The articles related to the research topic will be collected and the articles that have the criteria for entering the research will be selected and will be reviewed for the final analysis.
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders and is one of the main causes of disability. The prevalence and incidence of MS in Iran is reported to range from 5.3 to 89/ 100,000and 7 to 148.1/ 100,000, respectively. There are no systematic and meta-analysis studies on MS in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and incidence of MS in Iran using meta-analysis. Method
A systematic review of the present study focused on MS epidemiology in Iran based on PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched eight international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar search engine and six Persian databases for peer-reviewed studies published without time limit until May 2018. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive meta-analysis ver. 2 software. The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42018114491. Results
According to searching on different databases, 39 (15%) articles finalized. The prevalence of MS in Iran was estimated 29.3/ 100,000 (95%CI: 25.6-33.5) based on random effects model. The prevalence of MS in men and women was estimated to be 16.5/ 100,000 (95%CI: 13.7-23.4) and 44.8/ 100,000 (95%CI: 36.3-61.6), respectively. The incidence of MS in Iran was estimated to be 3.4/ 100,000 (95%CI: 1.8-6.2) based on random effects model. The incidence of MS in men was estimated to be 16.5/ 100,000 (95%CI: 13.7-23.4) and the incidence of MS in women was 44.8/ 100,000 (95%CI: 36.3-61.6). The meta-regression model for prevalence and incidence of MS was significantly higher in terms of year of study (p<0.001). Conclusions
The results of this study can provide a general picture of MS epidemiology in Iran. The current meta-analysis showed that the prevalence and incidence of MS in Iran is high and is rising over time.
Rickets or osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs in infants and children (1-2).In this disease, the baby's bones become soft for a number of reasons.Ricketts cause bone loss and bone growth and increase the risk of bone fractures.The main cause of rickets is vitamin D deficiency, but calcium deficiency is also effective .Numerous studies have been conducted on the causes and symptoms of Rashidism in the world.In order to confirm the results of these studies, a meta-analysis study is necessary.The aim of this study was to determine the causes and symptoms of rickets in Iran and to determine this level in terms of mineral deficiency in the body (Ca, Alk and PO4), age, sex and weight of patients, risk factors through systematic review and meta-analysis.
Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in different societies (1). Worldwide, 1.2 million people die each year in road accidents and about 50 million are injured. These figures are projected to increase by about 65% over the next 20 years (1-2).
It is estimated that for every death resulting from injuries, 16 cases result in hospitalization and 400 cases require outpatient services or with limited transient activity (2). Accidents are the leading cause of death in trauma (3). In Iran, trauma is one of the most common causes of death (5, 4). Every year, more than 5 million people around the world die from an accident (570 people per hour). In developing countries, trauma is the leading cause of death in adolescents, as well as the cause of disability and economic damage related to the health of these countries (6). Trauma can be divided according to the location of injury such as head trauma, abdominal trauma, etc. Or based on the characteristics of the causative agent of the trauma, such as penetrating abdominal trauma (for example, with a sharp object) or blunt trauma, as well as thermal or compressive trauma (barotrauma), etc. (7). Impenetrable trauma, slow trauma to physical injury. A part of the body indicates that it may have been caused by an accident or physical blow. The term usually refers to traumatic injury. In addition, bruising is the first type of more advanced injury, such as bruises, abrasions, wounds, and bone fractures. Impact injury is different from incision; Injury in which something like a bullet enters the body (8).
Suicide methods vary in different countries based on culture, symbols, symbols and religion.Successful suicide means gaining his soul and if it leads to death.Suicide is one of the social psychological problems and makes it angry (suicide is common in the age group of 15 to 44 years and is the fourth leading cause of death and the sixth leading cause of disability in the world.
Since there are no accurate statistics on the causes of self-immolation in Iran and the incidence of it varies in different regions, so understanding these factors can make it necessary for the medical community in planning for financial reduction.According to numerous studies on types of self-immolation in Iran and in order to confirm the results of these studies, a meta-analysis study is necessary to be accurate and valid is the level of planners and researchers in this field.The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of self-immolation in Iran through systematic review and meta-analysis methods.
High fructose feeding has been suggested to involve in several features of metabolic syndrome including hyperuricemia (HP). We designed and implemented a study to determine the effect size of fructose intake and the relative risk of HP based on the type of fructose feeding (diet or solution), duration of treatment (2–6, 7–10, and > 10 weeks), and animal race. The required information was accepted from international databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, and etc., from 2009 until 2019 on the basis of predetermined eligibility criteria. The data selection and extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. Results were pooled as random effects weighting and reported as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Thirty-five studies including 244 rats with fructose consumption were included in the final analysis. The heterogeneity rate of parameters was high (I2 = 81.3%, p < 0.001) and estimated based on; 1) type of fructose feeding (diet; I2 = 79.3%, solution 10%; I2 = 83.4%, solution 20%; I2 = 81.3%), 2) duration of treatment (2–6 weeks; I2 = 86.8%, 7–10 weeks; I2 = 76.3%, and > 10 weeks; I2 = 82.8%), 3) the animal race (Wistar; I2 = 78.6%, Sprague-Dawley; I2 = 83.9%). Overall, the pooled estimate for the all parameters was significant (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicated that a significant relationship between HP and fructose intake regardless of the treatment duration, animal race, fructose concentration and route of consumption.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be affected by underlying diseases of the respiratory system. In this meta-analysis, the keywords of COVID-19, underlying diseases, symptoms, and mortality were searched in national and international databases to obtain the related studies. The inclusion criteria were as follows: interventional, clinical, descriptive and cross-sectional, and studies focusing on COVID-19. This study was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses protocol. Eighteen studies were selected to be finally analyzed. The mean percentage of mortality was 14% (I2 ¼ 98.9, P<0.001). The most common symptoms were fever (91%, I2¼88.5, P<0.001) and cough (71%, I2¼84.5, P<0.001), and the most frequent underlying diseases were hypertension (41%, I2¼98.9, P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (18%, I2¼88.7, P<0.001) and cardiovascular disease (11%, I2¼87.7, P<0.001). Findings of present study suggest that individuals with underlying diseases have a higher rate of mortality following COVID-19 infection.
Although there have been many advances in the treatment of heart disease in recent decades, the prevalence of heart failure is increasing. The American Heart Association reports that about 7.3 percent of all deaths from heart disease are often due to heart failure. (1) Heart disease often leads to chronic heart failure, an incurable disease with severe and progressive fatigue. , Intolerance to exercise, fluid retention and shortness of breath are characterized (2).
Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders and is considered as a chronic, progressive and debilitating disorder. Its prevalence increases with age, so that in the United States, about one percent of people over the age of 50 and about ten percent of the elderly over the age of 80 have heart failure. On the other hand, progress in treatment and surgery has caused patients who survive death from myocardial infarction to subsequently develop heart failure (3) Increasing trend of heart failure due to complications of infectious, inflammatory, vascular and valvular diseases Heart disease is also a major health problem and an epidemic in the United States, with 5 million people with heart failure in the United States, and about 500,000 new cases are added each year, and are expected in the next 30 years. Double the existing statistics (4) Research shows that the quality of life of heart failure patients is lower than the general population and also compared to other chronic patients. (5)
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Corlanor, a generic drug called Ivabradine, in 2015 to reduce the severity of heart failure (chronic heart failure) in 2015. It is used in patients with symptoms of persistent heart failure (normal heart rate is at least 70 beats per minute).
Cost-effectiveness analysis of Ivabradine as a new strategy in the treatment of heart failure in the field of non-communicable diseases in comparison with standard care can play an important role in informing decision makers about reimbursement of costs, pricing of medical interventions, providing clinical guidelines Cost-effective use of next-generation drugs, targeted interventions, and the production of scientific evidence to make policy decisions will ultimately lead to cost management, efficiency, and optimal allocation of the health system's limited financial resources in the field of cardiovascular disease economics. Given the high burden of cardiovascular disease, limited financial resources in different countries and the share of their GDP in the health system, conduct more comprehensive studies to eliminate these differences in analysis due to limited resources. It seems necessary to introduce a dominant option in the field of economic evaluation based on studies conducted worldwide. Therefore, the present study systematically reviews the economic evaluation of Ivabradine in comparison with other common treatments, focusing on patients with heart failure.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an abnormal localized increase in the size of the aorta caused by progressive weakening of the aortic wall. The abdominal aortic aneurysm typically refers to the abdominal aortic diameter greater than three centimeters. (1) Aortic aneurysms can spread to any part of the aortic length, but three-quarters of them are in the abdominal aorta.
The overall prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in men ranged from 1.9% to 18.5% and in women from zero to 4.2%. (4,3) The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in men from four to six times More than women have been reported (5) and its incidence increases with age. (6) In Western countries, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms has been reported between 1.8-3.9% in men and 1-2.2% in women. (7) In Iran, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in the population of 65-year-old men was 10% (8) and the frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm in people with coronary artery disease was 14%. (9)
Rupture of the abdominal aortic aneurysm is the 13th leading cause of death in the United States and the 10th leading cause of death among older men (10:11) and the annual leading cause of death is 9000. (12) About 30,000-40,000 asymptomatic patients to prevent Ruptures undergo elective abdominal aortic aneurysm, where postoperative mortality will be between 2-8% (13, 14)
Cost analysis of endovascular efficacy compared to open surgery repair in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture can play an important role in informing decision makers about reimbursement of care costs, pricing of treatment interventions, providing cost-effective clinical guidelines on use These methods provide targeted interventions and the production of scientific evidence to make policy decisions and ultimately lead to cost management, efficiency and optimal allocation of limited financial resources of the health system in the field of cardiovascular disease economics. Given the burden of cardiovascular disease, limited financial resources in different countries and the share of their GDP in the health system, conduct more comprehensive studies to eliminate these differences in analysis due to limited health resources. And treatment and introduction of the dominant option in the field of economic evaluation based on studies conducted worldwide seems necessary, so the present study is a systematic review by comparing endovascular repair compared to open surgery and focusing on patients with Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture and evaluated the survival rate, quality improvement and desirability in patients with the results of the study
The ocular tropism of respiratory viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is reported, and studies showed ocular manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient. The aims of the current systematic review and meta-analysis study will be to determine the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestation in COVID-19 patients.
We will be searched the literature in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from December 1, 2019, until December 5, 2020, by using the main following MeSH keywords "SARS-CoV-2" and "ocular manifestations." The prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) will be calculated using binomial distribution and random effects. The meta-regression method will be utilized to investigate the factors affecting the heterogeneity.
Parasites are a group of micro-organisms that have evolved enough with at least one host larger than themselves to complete their evolution and meet nutritional and reproductive needs.They are constantly exploring and confronting the host's immune system to ensure their survival and complete their life cycle.In this context, a variety of molecules are expressed and used both by the host and by the invading parasite to confront each other. With the increasing progress of biochemical methods and molecular biology, it has been determined that some of these molecules, in addition to their toxic or harmful role, can be immune-modulating roles, and therefore, they may be used for the possible treatment of various immune-mediated disorders or atopic diseases. According to the hypothesis of the World Health Organization, which was proposed in 1989, exposure to infectious agents during childhood has an inverse correlation with the occurrence of allergic diseases in the later years of a person's life, similar to what we see in developed countries. This issue was then extended to inflammatory diseases, type 1 diabetes and cancer.Regarding parasites, recently, in addition to the carcinogenic role of some of them such as Schistosoma hematobium and Trichomonas vaginalis, studies have been published to show the anti-cancer properties of some compounds derived from parasites.Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review is to systematically collect these articles and extract valuable data from them in order to advance future approaches and also identify possible weaknesses.
The new coronavirus, known as SARS, causes severe respiratory illness. The incubation period is about 6 days. Early symptoms include chills, lethargy, dizziness, cough and sore throat, and shortness of breath appears after a few days. Many patients have abnormal chest radiographs. Some cases progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress and require respiratory support (artificial respiration). Death is the result of progressive respiratory failure, which is about 10% higher in middle-aged mortality.
Laboratory tests are not usually performed to diagnose coronavirus infections except in the case of SARS. The available methods for coronavirus detection include SARS-Cov, detection of RNA virus genome in the respiratory tract and fecal samples by RT-PCR. Isolation of coronaviruses is difficult and requires (biosafety level 3) conditions for SARS-Cov.
Economic evaluation of coronavirus diagnostic tests can play an important role in informing decision makers about reimbursement of care costs, pricing of medical interventions, providing cost-effective clinical guidelines on the use of diagnostic methods, providing targeted interventions, and producing scientific evidence. Have a policy to make decisions and ultimately lead to cost management, efficiency and optimal allocation of limited financial resources of the health system in the field of viral and infectious diseases economics. . Therefore, the present study systematically reviews and focuses on patients with coronary artery to evaluate the diagnostic tests of this disease.
Depression is a debilitating disease and one of the common and serious disorders that undermines a person's mental and physical health and imposes a heavy burden on society (Mahmoudi, Menti, 2017, p. 29). In fact, it is a pathological feeling of sadness, which is accompanied by some degree of stagnation of reactions. Humility (2006, quoted by Ghasemnejad, 2019). And it is considered one of the 4 major diseases in the world and the most common cause of disability caused by the disease. The incidence of depression at a young age is associated with a severe drop in social and occupational performance as well as academic performance (Arshadi Kia, Shajari, Tayibi, 2009, p. 349). Today, inappropriate emotional reactions such as stress, anxiety and depression are considered as a well-known and integral part of modern nursing, which causes many problems for nurses and patients. (Khamsa, Rouhi, Ebadi et al., 1388, p. 13). The wide scope of the activities of nurses and the interdisciplinary nature of this profession cause occupational trauma in nurses and cause mood changes, especially depression in them (Dehghani, Zol-Adl, Balandparvaz et al., 2017, p. 24). The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of depression in Iranian nurses by systematic review and meta-analysis.
Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee, Zahra Noorimotlagh, Volume 1402, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
In recent decades, with the increase in population and the expansion of industries, various chemicals have entered the environment and on the one hand have led to environmental pollution and on the other hand have compromised the health of humans and the wildlife of the ecosystem. These chemicals, which are more dangerous, have a wide variety and use in various sectors such as industry and agriculture. Halogenated flame retardants are among the dangerous chemical compounds used by industries, which are very stable and generally resistant to biological decomposition. Halogenated flame retardants, especially brominated flame retardants (BFRs) play a very important role in flame retardancy. Flame retardants have found a very important place among polymer additives. These materials are used to induce special properties in plastics and consumer products to achieve flammability standards in furniture, textiles, electronic equipment and insulation. In general, flame retardants are chemicals used in thermosets, textiles, and coatings that prevent fire from starting or spreading after it starts.
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a clinical syndrome that may manifest itself in non-leg parts of the body as well, called RLS variant, which is considered a distinct entity by some researchers. In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate various clinical features and effective treatments of RLS variants and compare them with that of typical RLS.This study will be conducted following the PRISMA guideline. The primary search will be performed in the data resources of Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. The required data will be extracted from the studies.
