Abbas Maleki, Saeed Khoshnood, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Vahab Hassankaviar, Mohammad Hossien Hadadi, Hasan Valadbeigi, Somaaye Karamolahi, Marzieh Hashemian, Nazanin Omidi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Acinetobacteria are non-fermenting gram-negative coccobacilli that have been identified as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections over the last three decades. The mortality rate from this bacterium is also relatively high, so that in a study conducted in 2010, out of 146 patients with Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter pneumoniae (MDR), 23 (15.8) of them died. The cyclin is the first FDA-approved antibiotic for glycine glycine antibiotics.
This antibiotic has significant potency against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic bacteria including multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs). The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to this antibiotic is not very high, but today we see a gradual increase in resistance to this antibiotic, which makes it difficult to treat these infections. One of the most important and widely used methods for molecular typing and clonal relationship evaluation of bacterial isolates is the Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique.
Given the above and the need to understand the mechanisms of resistance and profiles related to ticycline resistance, we decided to conduct a study entitled: Prevalence of ticycline-resistant strains in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and evaluation of their genetic relationship using Perform MLST, MLVA and Multiplex PCR sequencing.
This method is one of the high sensitivity molecular methods and is used today to study the typing pattern in different bacteria. In recent years, with the introduction and development of molecular typing methods such as Variable number tandem repeat and Multiplex PCR, significant genetic diversity has been observed among Acinetobacter baumannii strains. In the Multiple loci VNTR analysis (MLVA) technique, by selecting different loci in terms of each repeating unit size and longitudinal polymorphism, the ability to differentiate between strains is provided.
Pi Saeed Khoshnood, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Mohsen Hydari, Vahab Hassankaviar, Somaye Karamolahi, Marzieh Hashemian, Hedayat Heidarizadeh,
Volume 1402, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
International guidelines for Helicobacter pylori recommend that the regional prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance be used to select the right antibiotic and treatment regimen. In fact, knowing the level of antibiotic resistance plays an important role in choosing the appropriate treatment and reducing the rate of treatment failures. When the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in an area is more than 20%, guidelines recommend that allergy testing for Helicobacter pylori be performed before treatment with this antibiotic.As clarithromycin is the standard treatment for Helicobacter pylori and is prescribed experimentally in most countries, several studies have shown that resistance to this antibiotic is increasing to more than 20% in most areas. Has been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the resistance of clarithromycin worldwide. The results of this study can inform physicians and specialists to prescribe the correct treatment regimen to increase the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and reduce the failure rate of treatment And recurrence of infections help.In fact, in areas where resistance to this antibiotic is reported to be more than 20%, allergy testing for this antibiotic should be performed before starting treatment and experimental treatment with this antibiotic should be avoided.
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Marzieh Hashemian, Ali Nazari, Hossein Kazemian,
Volume 1402, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Nosocomial infections can usually occur 48 to 72 hours after admission, or even a week after discharge (1-3). Today, these infections are considered as the main problems in modern medicine in the world and in Iran (4, 5). One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections is the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is of special importance due to the production of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs and carbapenemases) (6-8). Today, special measures have been taken to control nosocomial infections, however, due to the variety of infectious agents, the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the use of immunosuppressive drugs and poor hygiene in hospitals, the incidence of these infections continues to increase. It causes problems in the treatment process of hospitalized patients. In Iran, bacterial infections are not well controlled, in Ilam province, the mortality rate due to nosocomial infections is not determined, and on the other hand, due to the lack of routine laboratory methods to correctly determine bacteria, lack of knowledge of standards can make a correct diagnosis. Bacteria were not the cause of infection and the level of bacterial resistance. The sum of these factors shows the importance of investigating the prevalence of infections and determining drug resistance. By identifying the predominant causative agent of infection and rapid detection of bacteria producing ESBLs and carbapenemase He established this factor as an important factor in the hospital. Finally, by controlling the infection and resistance, he prevented the further spread of resistance (1, 9, 10). Nosocomial infections are usually 48 to 72 hours after the patientchr('39')s hospitalization, or even a They can occur weeks after discharge (1-3). Today, these infections are considered as the main problems in modern medicine in the world and in Iran (4, 5). One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections is the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is of special importance due to the production of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase (6-8). Today, special measures have been taken to control nosocomial infections, however, due to the variety of infectious agents, the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the use of immunosuppressive drugs and poor hygiene in hospitals, the incidence of these infections continues to increase. It causes problems in the treatment process of hospitalized patients. In Iran, bacterial infections are not well controlled, in Ilam province, the mortality rate due to nosocomial infections is not determined, and on the other hand, due to the lack of routine laboratory methods to correctly determine bacteria, lack of knowledge of standards can make a correct diagnosis. Bacteria were not the cause of infection and the level of bacterial resistance. The sum of these factors shows the importance of investigating the prevalence of infections and determining drug resistance. By identifying the predominant causative agent of infection and rapid detection of bacteria producing ESBLs and carbapenemase He established this factor as an important thing in the hospital and finally prevented the further spread of resistance by controlling infection and resistance (1, 9, 10).
