Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2023)
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Pakzad I, tahmasebi Z, asadollahi P, sadeghi kalani B, Ghafourian S, Sadeghifard N et al . Title: Study of Microbiological and drug resistance pattern of BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) samples of patients Hospitalized of Imam Khomaini and Shahid Mostafa University Hospitals during one year. Journal title 2023; 5 (4)
URL: http://newresearch.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2205-en.html
URL: http://newresearch.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2205-en.html
Iraj Pakzad 
, Zahra Tahmasebi , Parisa Asadollahi , Behroz Sadeghi kalani , Sobhan Ghafourian , Nourkhoda Sadeghifard , Esmail Ghasemi pasha kalaei
, Zahra Tahmasebi , Parisa Asadollahi , Behroz Sadeghi kalani , Sobhan Ghafourian , Nourkhoda Sadeghifard , Esmail Ghasemi pasha kalaei
Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
Abstract: (990 Views)
Background and purpose: Lung diseases are one of the common causes of premature death and annoying and serious ailments among people. Since the incidence rate of pneumonia and bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract can be used as a criterion for evaluating the internal and interventional measures as well as the hospital infection control system, and considering that a study similar to ours has not been conducted in Ilam province, We found it necessary to conduct the present study.
Materials and methods: BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) samples were taken from hospitalized patients with respiratory problems by bronchoscopy. The samples were cultured on routine bacterial culture media, then their total cfu were counted and bacteria were identified. And antibiotic sensitivity was done by disc diffusion method according to CLSI protocol. PCR method using specific primers of 16srRNA gene for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and mip gene for Legionella pneumophila was used to detect hard-to-grow bacteria. Chi square test and SPSS software were used for data analysis. In all cases, p values < 0.05) were considered significant.
Results: Out of 44 BAL samples in patients by culture method, 100 isolates were detected, including: Staphylococcus aureus (24) 31.2%, Streptococcus group A (18) 23.4%, Enterococcus (11) 14.3%, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11) 14.3%, Enterobacter (10) 13%, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5) 6.5%. And by PCR method (4 cases), 9.1% was positive for Chlamydia pneumoniae and no band was found for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Acinetobacter showed the highest resistance of 81.8% to azetronam and ceftazidime. 75% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to cefoxitin (MRSA) and 83.3% had mec A gene, and resistance to vancomycin (VRE) was observed in 27.3% of enterococcus species. Resistance to piperacillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem was seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with a prevalence of 54.5%, 45.5%, and 36.4%. The frequency of organisms in the ICU department (46%) was higher than other departments.
Discussion and conclusion: The presence of MRSA, Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporins and Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter resistant to piperacillin, imipenem, cefotaxime, azetronam and ciprofloxacin among the studied departments and especially the ICU department are major concerns. For this reason, it is necessary to observe the principles of controlling infectious diseases of resistant bacteria.
Materials and methods: BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) samples were taken from hospitalized patients with respiratory problems by bronchoscopy. The samples were cultured on routine bacterial culture media, then their total cfu were counted and bacteria were identified. And antibiotic sensitivity was done by disc diffusion method according to CLSI protocol. PCR method using specific primers of 16srRNA gene for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and mip gene for Legionella pneumophila was used to detect hard-to-grow bacteria. Chi square test and SPSS software were used for data analysis. In all cases, p values < 0.05) were considered significant.
Results: Out of 44 BAL samples in patients by culture method, 100 isolates were detected, including: Staphylococcus aureus (24) 31.2%, Streptococcus group A (18) 23.4%, Enterococcus (11) 14.3%, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11) 14.3%, Enterobacter (10) 13%, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5) 6.5%. And by PCR method (4 cases), 9.1% was positive for Chlamydia pneumoniae and no band was found for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Acinetobacter showed the highest resistance of 81.8% to azetronam and ceftazidime. 75% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to cefoxitin (MRSA) and 83.3% had mec A gene, and resistance to vancomycin (VRE) was observed in 27.3% of enterococcus species. Resistance to piperacillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem was seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with a prevalence of 54.5%, 45.5%, and 36.4%. The frequency of organisms in the ICU department (46%) was higher than other departments.
Discussion and conclusion: The presence of MRSA, Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporins and Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter resistant to piperacillin, imipenem, cefotaxime, azetronam and ciprofloxacin among the studied departments and especially the ICU department are major concerns. For this reason, it is necessary to observe the principles of controlling infectious diseases of resistant bacteria.
Received: 2023/01/15 | Accepted: 2023/01/31 | Published: 2023/03/1
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